https://pjephl.law.pitt.edu/ojs/pjephl <p>The&nbsp;Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental &amp; Public Health Law&nbsp;(PJEPHL) is the youngest scholarly publication at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.&nbsp; PJEPHL seeks to inspire awareness and to inform the bar and legal scholars about an array of current environmental and public health issues through its biannual, online publication. &nbsp;Having the benefit of being located in the centrifuge of Pennsylvania's oil and gas development, as well as in a city with a highly regarded medical system, PJEPHL articles and annual symposia seek to capitalize upon the region's specialty. &nbsp;It is produced by students, and aims to publish excellent academic scholarship.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> University Library System, University of Pittsburgh en-US Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 2164-7976 <br /><strong>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: </strong><br /><br /><ol><ol><li>The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons 4.0 License (Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works)</a>, or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><li>Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;</li><li>Noncommercial—other users (including Publisher) may not use this Work for commercial purposes;</li><li>No Derivative Works—other users (including Publisher) may not alter, transform, or build upon this Work,with the understanding that any of the above conditions can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license. <br /><br /></li></ol></li><li>The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication <em>manuscript</em> (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.<br /><br /></li><li>Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.<br /><br /></li><li>The Author represents and warrants that:<br /><br /></li><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha; padding-left: 40px;"><li>the Work is the Author’s original work;</li><li>the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;</li><li>the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;</li><li>the Work has not previously been published;</li><li>the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and</li><li>the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.<br /> </li></ol><li>The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.</li></ol></ol> https://pjephl.law.pitt.edu/ojs/pjephl/article/view/76 <div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>In his seminal article, </span><span>Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us</span><span>,</span><span>1 </span><span>Steven Brill recounts stories of Americans of modest to comfortable means, whose lives were turned upside-down, not just by tragic illness; but, by the cost of the cure. </span></p></div></div></div></div> John T. McLean Vinay Datar Copyright (c) 2015 Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 2015-03-24 2015-03-24 9 10.5195/pjephl.2014.76 https://pjephl.law.pitt.edu/ojs/pjephl/article/view/77 <div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Edward Snowden took the world by storm when he exposed the data collection practices of the National Security Agency, known to many as the NSA. Much ink has been spilled on the constitutionality of such practices and the scope of its surveillance yet the cloud computing that facilitates such surveillance often goes unmentioned, if not unnoticed. </span></p></div></div></div></div> Jasmine N. Story Copyright (c) 2015 Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 2015-03-24 2015-03-24 9 10.5195/pjephl.2014.77 https://pjephl.law.pitt.edu/ojs/pjephl/article/view/75 <div class="page" title="Page 3"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The </span><span>Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law </span><span>(</span><span>PJEPHL</span><span>) is published annually by the University Library System, University of Pittsburgh under the editorial control of students of the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, 3900 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. </span><span>PJEPHL </span><span>can be contacted by email at pjephl@pitt.edu. PJEPHL is freely available to readers worldwide at http://pjephl.law.pitt.edu. </span><span>PJEPHL </span><span>is printed by Western Newspaper Publishing Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana. Copyright for each work contained in this issue is retained by the author and under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. </span></p></div></div></div></div> Scott Fellmeth Copyright (c) 2015 Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 2015-03-24 2015-03-24 9 10.5195/pjephl.2014.75 https://pjephl.law.pitt.edu/ojs/pjephl/article/view/78 <div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>In 2009, an auto-mechanic from Topeka, Kansas by the name of William Marotta answered a Craigslist ad posted by Angela Bauer and Jennifer Schreiner, a lesbian couple seeking a private sperm donor for artificial insemination. </span></p></div></div></div></div> Benjamin T. Forman Copyright (c) 2015 Pittsburgh Journal of Environmental and Public Health Law 2015-03-24 2015-03-24 9 10.5195/pjephl.2014.78